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Boxing is a combat sport where two participants generally of similar weight fight each other with their fists. It is supervised by a referee and is typically engaged in during a series of one to three minute intervals called round.

3 Ways to Win:

Knock Out (KO) – victory is achieved if the opponent is knocked down and unable to get up before the referee counts to ten seconds.

Technical Knock Out (TKO) if the opponent is deemed too injured to continue.

If there is no stoppage of the fight before an agreed number of rounds, a winner is determined through the referee’s decision or by judge’s scoreboard.

Boxing Rules:

- Boxing match typically consists of a predetermined number of three-minute rounds, a total of up to 12 rounds.
- A minute is typically spent between each round with the fighters in their assigned corners receiving advice and attention from their coach and staff.
- The fight is controlled by the referee who works within the ring to judge and control the conduct of the fighters, rule on their ability to fight safely, count knockdown fighters and rule on fouls.
- Up to three judges are typically present at the ringside to score the bout and assigned points to the boxers based on punches that connect, defense, knockdown and other more subjective measures.
- Each fighter has an assigned corner of the ring, where his or her coach, as well as one or more may administer to the fighter at the beginning of the fight and between rounds. Each boxer enters into the ring from their assigned corners at the beginning of each round and must cease fighting and return to their corner at the signaled end of each round.
- A bout in which the predetermined number of rounds passes is decided by the judges, and is said to “go the distance”. The fighter with the higher score at the end of the fight is ruled the winner.
- Boxers are prohibited from hitting below the belt, holding, tripping, pushing, biting, spitting or wrestling.

Violations of these rules may be ruled “fouls” by the referee, who may issue warnings, deduct points, or disqualify an offending boxer, causing an automatic loss, depending on the seriousness and intentionality of the foul.

The Punches:

Jab – a quick straight punch thrown with the lead hand from the guard position. It is accompanied by a small clockwise rotation of the torso and hips while the fist rotates 90 degrees, becoming horizontal upon impact.

Cross – A powerful, straight punch thrown with the rear hand. From the guard position, the rear hand is thrown from the chin, crossing the body and traveling towards the target in a straight line. The rear shoulder is thrust forward and finishes just touching the outside of the chin. At the same time, the lead hand is retracted and tucked against the face to protect the inside of the chin.

Hook – A semi-circular punch thrown with the lead hand to the side of the opponent’s head. From the guard position, the elbow is drawn back with a horizontal fist (knuckles pointing forward) and the elbow bent. The rear hand is tucked firmly against the jaw to protect the chin. The torso and hips are rotated clockwise, propelling the fist through a tight, clockwise arc across the front of the body and connecting with the target.

Uppercut – A vertical, rising punch thrown with the rear hand. From the guard position, the torso shifts slightly to the right, the rear hand drops below the level of the opponent’s chest and the knees are bent slightly. From this position, the rear hand is thrust upwards in a rising arc towards the opponent’s chin or torso. At the same time, the knees push upwards quickly and the torso and hips rotate anti-clockwise and the rear heel turns outward, mimicking the body movement of the cross.

The Defenses:

Slip – Slipping rotates the body slightly so that an incoming punch passes harmlessly next to the head. As the opponent’s punch arrives, the boxer sharply rotates the hips and shoulders. This turns the chin sideways and allows the punch to “slip” past.

Sway or Fade – To anticipate a punch and move the upper body or head back so that it misses or has its force appreciably lessened. Also called “rolling with the punch” or ” Riding The Punch”.

Duck or Break – To drop down with the back straight so that a punch aimed at the head glances or misses entirely.

Bob and Weave – Bobbing moves the head laterally and beneath an incoming punch. As the opponent’s punch arrives, the boxer bends the legs quickly and simultaneously shifts the body either slightly right or left. Once the punch has been evaded, the boxer “weaves” back to an upright position, emerging on either the outside or inside of the opponent’s still-extended arm. To move outside the opponent’s extended arm is called “bobbing to the outside”. To move inside the opponent’s extended arm is called “bobbing to the inside”.

Parry/Block – Parrying or blocking uses the boxer’s shoulder, hands or arms as defensive tools to protect against incoming attacks. A block generally receives a punch while a parry tends to deflect it. A “palm” or “cuff” is a block which intentionally takes the incoming punch on that portion of the defender’s glove.

The Cover-Up – Covering up is the last opportunity (other than rolling with a punch) to avoid an incoming strike to an unprotected face or body. Generally speaking, the hands are held high to protect the head and chin and the forearms are tucked against the torso to impede body shots. When protecting the body, the boxer rotates the hips and lets incoming punches “roll” off the guard. To protect the head, the boxer presses both fists against the front of the face with the forearms parallel and facing outwards. This type of guard is weak against attacks from below.

The Clinch – Clinching is a rough form of grappling and occurs when the distance between both fighters has closed and straight punches cannot be employed. In this situation, the boxer attempts to hold or “tie up” the opponent’s hands so he is unable to throw hooks or uppercuts. To perform a clinch, the boxer loops both hands around the outside of the opponent’s shoulders, scooping back under the forearms to grasp the opponent’s arms tightly against his own body. In this position, the opponent’s arms are pinned and cannot be used to attack. Clinching is a temporary match state and is quickly dissipated by the referee.

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